Difference between revisions of "List of CD pressing plants"

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{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;"
|+ '''Key Worldwide Pressing Plants through the Late 1980s'''
|-
|-
! Built By / Subsequent Owners !! CC !! Location !! CDs Online !! Closed !! Notes
! Built By / Subsequent Owners !! CC !! Location !! Online !! Closed !! Notes
|-
| '''Americ Disc Inc.'''
| align="center" | US
| Miami, FL
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| Bought by MPO International
|-
|-
| '''AmericanHelix''' / Kao Infosystems <small>(1993)</small> / Dering Corp.
| '''AmericanHelix''' / Kao Infosystems <small>(1993)</small> / Dering Corp.
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania (AmericanHelix)|Lancaster, Pennsylvania]]
| [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania (AmericanHelix)|Lancaster, Pennsylvania]]
| {{sms|1987}}1987
| {{sortdate|19870699|1987}}
| n/a
| {{ctr|still open}}
|
|-
| '''ASR Recording Services'''
| align="center" | US
| Canoga Park, CA
| {{ctr|''tbd (1990s?)''|color=gray}}
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|-
| '''AstralTech'''
| align="center" | US
| Boca Raton, FL
| {{ctr|''tbd (1990s?)''|color=gray}}
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 14: Line 34:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Jacksonville, Illinois
| Jacksonville, Illinois
| {{sms|1986-12a}}Q4 1986
| {{sortdate|19861299|Q4 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 21: Line 41:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Pitman, New Jersey
| Pitman, New Jersey
| {{sms|1988?}}1988?
| {{sortdate|19880699|ca. 1988}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| Converted LP plant.
| Converted LP plant.
|-
|-
Line 28: Line 48:
| align="center" | JP
| align="center" | JP
| Shizuoka?
| Shizuoka?
| {{sms|1982?}}1982?
| {{sortdate|19820999|Q3 1982}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 35: Line 55:
| align="center" | CA
| align="center" | CA
| [[Scarborough, Ontario (Cinram)|Scarborough, Ontario]]
| [[Scarborough, Ontario (Cinram)|Scarborough, Ontario]]
| {{sms|1986-06a}}Q2 1986
| {{sortdate|19860699|Q2 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
| '''[[Cinram]]'''
| '''[[Cinram]]'''
| align="center" | CA
| align="center" | CA
| ??
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{sms|1987-03a}}Q1? 1987
| {{sortdate|19870399|Q1? 1987}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
| '''CTA Co. Ltd.'''
| '''CTA Co. Ltd.'''
| align="center" | JP
| align="center" | JP
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
| '''Daio Kosan Co. Ltd.'''
| '''Daio Kosan Co. Ltd.'''
| align="center" | JP
| align="center" | JP
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 63: Line 83:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Madison, Georgia
| Madison, Georgia
| {{sms|1987-03a}}Q1? 1987
| {{sortdate|19870399|Q1? 1987}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 70: Line 90:
| align="center" | AT
| align="center" | AT
| Salzburg
| Salzburg
| {{sms|1987?}}1987?
| {{sortdate|19870699|ca. 1987}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 77: Line 97:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| [[Terre Haute, Indiana (DADC)|Terre Haute, Indiana]]
| [[Terre Haute, Indiana (DADC)|Terre Haute, Indiana]]
| {{sms|1984-09-21}}21 Sep 1984
| {{sortdate|19840921|21 Sep 1984}}
| n/a
| {{ctr|still open}}
| 12 presses a/o late 1986
| 12 presses a/o late 1986
|-
|-
| '''Disc Mfg., Inc.'''
| '''Disc Mfg., Inc.'''
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| ?
| {{ctr|?}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 91: Line 111:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Dublin, Ohio
| Dublin, Ohio
| {{sms|1986-12a}}Q4 1986
| {{sortdate|19861299|Q4 1986}}
| {{sms|1988}}1988
| {{sortdate|19880699|1988}}
| CD-ROM only 1989+
| CD-ROM only 1989+
|-
|-
Line 98: Line 118:
| align="center" | UK
| align="center" | UK
| Horsham, West Sussex
| Horsham, West Sussex
| {{sms|1986-07-01}}1 Jul 1986
| {{sortdate|19860701|1 Jul 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 105: Line 125:
| align="center" | CA
| align="center" | CA
| Drummondville, Quebec
| Drummondville, Quebec
| {{sms|1987?}}1987?
| {{sortdate|19870699|ca. 1987}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| Acquired by MPO International
|-
|-
| '''DOCDisc'''
| '''DOCDisc'''
| align="center" | NL
| align="center" | NL
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{sms|1986-12a}}Q4? 1986
| {{sortdate|19861299|Q4? 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 118: Line 139:
| align="center" | UK
| align="center" | UK
| [[Swindon, Wiltshire (EMI)|Swindon, Wiltshire]]
| [[Swindon, Wiltshire (EMI)|Swindon, Wiltshire]]
| {{sms|1986-05-15}}15 May 1986
| {{sortdate|19860515|15 May 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 125: Line 146:
| align="center" | NO
| align="center" | NO
| Telemark
| Telemark
| {{sms|1987?}}1987?
| {{sortdate|19870699|ca. 1987}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
| '''Hauppage'''
| '''Hauppage'''
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| Unconfirmed
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
| '''ICM'''
| '''ICM'''
| align="center" | SZ
| align="center" | SZ
| ??
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{sms|1985-10}}Oct 1985
| {{sortdate|19851099|Oct 1985}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
| '''JVC'''
| '''JVC (Victor Corporation of Japan)'''
| align="center" | JP
| align="center" | JP
| ??
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{sms|1984-12a}}By late 1984
| {{sortdate|19841299|By late 1984}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 153: Line 174:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| {{sms|1987-03a}}Q1 1987
| {{sortdate|19870399|Q1 1987}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 160: Line 181:
|  align="center" | US
|  align="center" | US
| Fremont, California
| Fremont, California
| {{sms|1994-04-01}}1 Apr 1994
| {{sortdate|19940401|1 Apr 1994}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
| '''Koch Digitaldisc'''
| '''Koch Digitaldisc'''
| align="center" | AT
| align="center" | AT
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{sms|1986-03a}}Q1? 1986
| {{sortdate|19860399|Q1? 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 174: Line 195:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Anaheim, California
| Anaheim, California
| {{sms|1983-11}}Nov 1983
| {{sortdate|19831199|Nov 1983}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| Also produced LaserDiscs
| Also produced LaserDiscs
|-
|-
Line 181: Line 202:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Huntsville, Alabama
| Huntsville, Alabama
| {{sms|1986-11}}Nov 1986
| {{sortdate|19861199|Nov 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
| '''Matsushita-Technics'''
| '''Matsushita-Technics'''
| align="center" | JP
| align="center" | JP
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{sms|1984-12a}}By late 1984
| {{sortdate|19841299|By late 1984}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 195: Line 216:
| align="center" | UK
| align="center" | UK
| Battersea
| Battersea
| {{sms|1992-06a}}Summer 1992
| {{sortdate|19920699|Summer 1992}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
| Used equipment from Nimbus
|-
|-
| '''[[Memory-Tech Corporation]]'''
| '''[[Memory-Tech Corporation]]'''
| align="center" | JP
| align="center" | JP
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{sms|1986-09}}Sep 1986
| {{sortdate|19860999|Sep 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| Mitsubishi/Tokyo Denka consortium
| Mitsubishi/Tokyo Denka consortium
|-
|-
Line 209: Line 230:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Plano, Texas
| Plano, Texas
| {{sms|1987-06a}}Q2? 1987
| {{sortdate|19870699|Q2? 1987}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
| '''MPO/Mayking'''
| '''MPO''' / Mayking
| align="center" | FR
| align="center" | FR
| Averton, Mayenne
| Averton, Mayenne
| {{sms|1984-12}}Dec 1984
| {{sortdate|19841299|Dec 1984}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|-
| '''MPO Iberica'''
| align="center" | ES
| Madrid
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|-
| '''MPO Siam'''
| align="center" | TH
| Bangkok
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 223: Line 258:
| align="center" | UK
| align="center" | UK
| Wyastone Leys, Wales
| Wyastone Leys, Wales
| {{sms|1984-08}}Aug 1984
| {{sortdate|19840899|Aug 1984}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 230: Line 265:
| align="center" | UK
| align="center" | UK
| Cwmbran, Wales
| Cwmbran, Wales
| {{sms|1986-09}}Sep 1986
| {{sortdate|19860999|Sep 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 237: Line 272:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Greene County, Virginia
| Greene County, Virginia
| {{sms|1987-06a}}Q2? 1987
| {{sortdate|19870699|Q2? 1987}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
| '''Nippon Columbia (Denon)'''
| '''Nippon Columbia (Denon)'''
| align="center" | JP
| align="center" | JP
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{sms|1983-12a}} 1983?
| {{sortdate|19831299|ca. 1983}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|-
|-
| '''[[Philips and DuPont Optical (PDO)]]''' / [[PolyGram Music Distribution Co|PMDC]] / [[Universal Manufacturing and Logistics|Universal M&L]] / [[Entertainment Distribution Company|EDC]]
| '''[[Philips and DuPont Optical (PDO)]]''' / [[PolyGram Music Distribution Co|PMDC]] / [[Universal Manufacturing and Logistics|Universal M&L]] / [[Entertainment Distribution Company|EDC]]
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| [[Kings Mountain, North Carolina (PDO)|King's Mountain, North Carolina]]
| [[Kings Mountain, North Carolina (PDO)|King's Mountain, North Carolina]]
| {{sms|1986-12a}}Q4 1986/Q1 1987
| {{sortdate|19861299|Q4'86/Q1'87}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 257: Line 292:
| align="center" | UK
| align="center" | UK
| [[Blackburn, England (PDO)|Blackburn, England]]
| [[Blackburn, England (PDO)|Blackburn, England]]
| ??
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{sms|2009-12-31}} 31 Dec 2009
| {{sortdate|20091231|31 Dec 2009}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 264: Line 299:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Concordville, Pennsylvania
| Concordville, Pennsylvania
| {{sms|1993-07}}Jul 1993
| {{sortdate|19930799|Jul 1993}}
| {{sms|1996-09a}}Q3 1996
| {{sortdate|19960999|Q3 1996}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 271: Line 306:
| align="center" | DE
| align="center" | DE
| Hanover, Niedersachsen
| Hanover, Niedersachsen
| {{sms|1982-08-17}} 17 Aug 1982
| {{sortdate|19820817|17 Aug 1982}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
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| align="center" | CA
| align="center" | CA
| Mississauga, Ontario
| Mississauga, Ontario
| {{sms|1986-06a}}Q2 1986
| {{sortdate|19860699|Q2 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|  
|  
|-
| '''Record Service GmbH''' / TELDEC(?) / WEA Manufacturing
| align="center" | DE
| Alsdorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen
| {{sortdate|19870699|ca. 1987}}
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|-
|-
| '''Sanyo'''
| '''Sanyo'''
| align="center" | JP
| align="center" | JP
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{sms|1984-12a}}By late 1984
| {{sortdate|19841299|Late 1984}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 292: Line 334:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Richmond, Indiana
| Richmond, Indiana
| {{sms|1987-06a}}Q2? 1987
| {{sortdate|19870699|ca. Q2 1987}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 299: Line 341:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Kennebunk, Maine
| Kennebunk, Maine
| {{sms|1986?}}1986?
| {{sortdate|19860699|ca. 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 306: Line 348:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Sanford, Maine
| Sanford, Maine
| {{sms|1986-12a}}1986?
| {{sortdate|19861299|ca. 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 313: Line 355:
| align="center" | DE
| align="center" | DE
| G&uuml;tersloh, Nordrhein-Westfalen
| G&uuml;tersloh, Nordrhein-Westfalen
| {{sms|1985-12a}}Q4 1985/Q1 1986?
| {{sortdate|19851299|Q4'85/Q1'86}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 320: Line 362:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Weaverville, North Carolina
| Weaverville, North Carolina
| {{sms|1991}}1991
| {{sortdate|19910699|1991}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|-
|-
Line 327: Line 369:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| Troy, Michigan
| Troy, Michigan
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| {{sms|1996-08-12}}12 Aug 1996
| {{sortdate|19960812|12 Aug 1996}}
| Best (worst?) known for LaserDiscs
| Best (worst?) known for LaserDiscs
|-
| '''TELDEC''' / Record Service GmbH.
| align="center" | DE
| ?
| ?
| ?
|
|-
|-
| '''Toshiba-EMI''' / Toemi Media Solutions
| '''Toshiba-EMI''' / Toemi Media Solutions
| align="center" | JP
| align="center" | JP
| [[Gotemba, Shizuoka (Toshiba-EMI)|Gotemba, Shizuoka]]
| [[Gotemba, Shizuoka (Toshiba-EMI)|Gotemba, Shizuoka]]
| {{sms|1984-12a}}By late 1984
| {{sortdate|19841299|By late 1984}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 348: Line 383:
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| The Bronx, New York
| The Bronx, New York
| Never opened?
| {{ctr|Never?}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| Cofounded by Ken Pohlmann
| Cofounded by Ken Pohlmann
|-
|-
Line 355: Line 390:
| align="center" | UK
| align="center" | UK
| London
| London
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|-
| '''WEA'''
| align="center" | DE
| Alsdorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen
| {{sms|1987?}}1987?
| ?
|
|
|-
|-
| '''WEA''' / Specialty Records Corp.
| '''WEA Manufacturing''' / Specialty Records Corp. / Cinram
| align="center" | US
| align="center" | US
| [[Olyphant, Pennsylvania (WEA)|Olyphant, Pennsylvania]]
| [[Olyphant, Pennsylvania (WEA)|Olyphant, Pennsylvania]]
| {{sms|1986-12a}}Q4 1986
| {{sortdate|19861299|Q4 1986}}
| ?
| {{ctr|''tbd''|color=gray}}
|
|
|}
|}


[[Category: Pressing plant]]
[[Category: Pressing plant]]

Revision as of 13:45, 8 August 2010

Built By / Subsequent Owners CC Location Online Closed Notes
Americ Disc Inc. US Miami, FL tbd tbd Bought by MPO International
AmericanHelix / Kao Infosystems (1993) / Dering Corp. US Lancaster, Pennsylvania &198706991987 still open
ASR Recording Services US Canoga Park, CA tbd (1990s?) tbd
AstralTech US Boca Raton, FL tbd (1990s?) tbd
Capitol-EMI US Jacksonville, Illinois &19861299Q4 1986 tbd
CBS / Sony Disc Manufacturing US Pitman, New Jersey &19880699ca. 1988 tbd Converted LP plant.
CBS/Sony / DADC JP Shizuoka? &19820999Q3 1982 tbd
Cinram CA Scarborough, Ontario &19860699Q2 1986 tbd
Cinram CA tbd &19870399Q1? 1987 tbd
CTA Co. Ltd. JP tbd tbd tbd
Daio Kosan Co. Ltd. JP tbd tbd tbd
Denon America US Madison, Georgia &19870399Q1? 1987 tbd
Digital Audio Disc Corp. (DADC) AT Salzburg &19870699ca. 1987 tbd
Digital Audio Disc Corp. (DADC) US Terre Haute, Indiana &1984092121 Sep 1984 still open 12 presses a/o late 1986
Disc Mfg., Inc. US ? tbd tbd
Discovery Systems (bankrupt) / Metatek (1989) US Dublin, Ohio &19861299Q4 1986 &198806991988 CD-ROM only 1989+
Disctek / Disctronics (mid-1987) UK Horsham, West Sussex &198607011 Jul 1986 tbd
Disques Americ Inc. (Americ Disc) CA Drummondville, Quebec &19870699ca. 1987 tbd Acquired by MPO International
DOCDisc NL tbd &19861299Q4? 1986 tbd
EMI UK Swindon, Wiltshire &1986051515 May 1986 tbd
EVGA NO Telemark &19870699ca. 1987 tbd
Hauppage US tbd tbd tbd
ICM SZ tbd &19851099Oct 1985 tbd
JVC (Victor Corporation of Japan) JP tbd &19841299By late 1984 tbd
JVC US Tuscaloosa, Alabama &19870399Q1 1987 tbd
Kao Infosystems US Fremont, California &199404011 Apr 1994 tbd
Koch Digitaldisc AT tbd &19860399Q1? 1986 tbd
LaserVideo, Inc. US Anaheim, California &19831199Nov 1983 tbd Also produced LaserDiscs
LaserVideo, Inc. US Huntsville, Alabama &19861199Nov 1986 tbd
Matsushita-Technics JP tbd &19841299By late 1984 tbd
Mayking UK Battersea &19920699Summer 1992 tbd Used equipment from Nimbus
Memory-Tech Corporation JP tbd &19860999Sep 1986 tbd Mitsubishi/Tokyo Denka consortium
Memory-Tech Inc. / Disctronics / U-TECH Dallas US Plano, Texas &19870699Q2? 1987 tbd
MPO / Mayking FR Averton, Mayenne &19841299Dec 1984 tbd
MPO Iberica ES Madrid tbd tbd
MPO Siam TH Bangkok tbd tbd
Nimbus UK Wyastone Leys, Wales &19840899Aug 1984 tbd
Nimbus UK Cwmbran, Wales &19860999Sep 1986 tbd
Nimbus US Greene County, Virginia &19870699Q2? 1987 tbd
Nippon Columbia (Denon) JP tbd &19831299ca. 1983 tbd
Philips and DuPont Optical (PDO) / PMDC / Universal M&L / EDC US King's Mountain, North Carolina &19861299Q4'86/Q1'87 tbd
Philips and DuPont Optical (PDO) / PMDC / Universal M&L / EDC UK Blackburn, England tbd &2009123131 Dec 2009
Pilz GmbH. US Concordville, Pennsylvania &19930799Jul 1993 &19960999Q3 1996
PolyGram / PDO / PMDC / Universal M&L / EDC DE Hanover, Niedersachsen &1982081717 Aug 1982 tbd
Praxis Technologies CA Mississauga, Ontario &19860699Q2 1986 tbd
Record Service GmbH / TELDEC(?) / WEA Manufacturing DE Alsdorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen &19870699ca. 1987 tbd
Sanyo JP tbd &19841299Late 1984 tbd
Sanyo US Richmond, Indiana &19870699ca. Q2 1987 tbd
SHAPE Optimedia US Kennebunk, Maine &19860699ca. 1986 tbd
SHAPE Optimedia / DOCData / U.S. Optical Disc US Sanford, Maine &19861299ca. 1986 tbd
Sonopress DE Gütersloh, Nordrhein-Westfalen &19851299Q4'85/Q1'86 tbd
Sonopress US Weaverville, North Carolina &199106991991 tbd
Technidisc US Troy, Michigan tbd &1996081212 Aug 1996 Best (worst?) known for LaserDiscs
Toshiba-EMI / Toemi Media Solutions JP Gotemba, Shizuoka &19841299By late 1984 tbd
U.S. Digital Disc Corp. US The Bronx, New York Never? tbd Cofounded by Ken Pohlmann
Virgin Megastore UK London tbd tbd
WEA Manufacturing / Specialty Records Corp. / Cinram US Olyphant, Pennsylvania &19861299Q4 1986 tbd